Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems densely antrorsely strigose, becoming hirsute and glandular hirsute toward and throughout the inflorescence (hairs straight or slightly curved, 0.1–0.6 mm long).

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate to broadly ovate, (15–)19–33 cm long, (6–)7.5–15.3 cm wide. <u>Apex</u> acuminate. Apex acuminate. <u>Base</u> truncate to rounded or subcordate. Base truncate to rounded or subcordate. <u>Surfaces</u> conspicuously densely glandular–dotted (at least when dry); upper surfaces appressed long–hirsute; lower surfaces hirsute to antrorsely strigose, densely so along veins; blades rugose. Surfaces conspicuously densely glandular–dotted (at least when dry); upper surfaces appressed long–hirsute; lower surfaces hirsute to antrorsely strigose, densely so along veins; blades rugose. <u>Margins</u> crenate. Margins crenate. Petioles (5–)6–13.5 cm long, densely antrorsely strigose (in Wai'anae Mts. hairs usually spreading). <b>Stipules</b> absent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (4)6 per verticillaster, in leafless, compound, racemose inflorescences usually 15–20 cm long, consisting of the terminal primary stem and numerous secondary and tertiary lateral branches immediately below, pedicels (5–)8–15 mm long, glandular hirsute and hirsute, bracts narrowly ovate to elliptic–ovate, 6–9 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 3–6 mm long, enlarging in fruit, nerves conspicuous, short–hirsute, glandular hirsute, and glandular–dotted, usually 5-toothed, the teeth narrowly deltate to linear–deltate or linear–elliptic, 1.5–3 mm long, apex attenuate to acute, splitting longitudinally, usually persistent or sometimes only ventral 1/2 persistent. <b>Corolla</b> bilabiate, white, purple–tinged, tube narrowly funnelform, curved, ca. 9–13 mm long, glandular–dotted, short–hirtellous, and ± glandular hirtellous, upper lip ca.2.5–3 mm long, entire or 2-lobed, flat or concave, lower lip ca. 6–9 mm long, 3-lobed, lateral lobes ovate, slightly asymmetrical, lower lobe broadly ovate to suborbicular, slightly folded to form a groove, margins somewhat undulate, apex emarginate or entire; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. <b>Stamens</b> 4, both pairs of similar length or upper pair slightly longer, ascending the upper corolla lip, included, aligned with the sinuses; <u>filaments</u> inserted near throat, usually pubescent; <u>anthers</u> dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; <u>anther</u> sacs divaricate. <b>Ovary</b> superior, 2-carpellate; <u>ovules</u> 1 per ovary lobe, placentation basal-axile; <u>style</u> 1, included, arising between lobes, shortly 2-lobed, the lobes clavate; <u>stigma</u>tic only at apex, 1 lobe often rudimentary; <u>stigmas</u> 2.

Fruit: Nutlets ca. 3–6 mm long; 1-seeded; dark green to black; drupaceous; exocarp fleshy; obovoid; margins slightly winged; obliquely attached at the connate base; spreading and exserted from calyx at maturity. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in diverse mesic forest to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 500–730 m.